

This link provides a detailed description of the various entries in a reference list. For instance, books must specify the number of the edition journal articles must specify page numbers, etc.

There is different formatting and type of information for the various kinds of publications. The entries in the reference list are places in the same order in which they were cited in the text.
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This list must include the full information for all the works cited in the running text. This can be achieved by producing cars with low fuel consumption (13), but oil magnates seem to be strongly opposed to the development of such cars.Ī list of list of references must be provided at the end of the scientific text. Reducing the carbon dioxide emissions is therefore important and will save lives in the long turn. (12, p23) argue, however, that our “planet has warmed by only 0.5 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the 20 th century”.įinally, for the really nerdy, it is worth noting that the number in brackets is placed after any commas and periods, but before colons and semi-colons. You can include the page number when you cite specific ideas or have direct quotes.
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When you cite together multiple references, use a comma to separate a series of non-inclusive numbers (1, 6, 11) and a hyphen to indicate a series of inclusive numbers (4-7). Smith (3) presents convincing evidence that global warming is a much bigger threat than previous research has assumed (1, 4-7, 9). The name of the author(s) can be present or absent. This number is commonly enclosed in round brackets (1), but it can also be written inside square brackets, as a superscript 1, or as a combination of brackets and superscript. If a piece of work is cited more than once, the same citation number must be used. The numbers are assigned in the order of citation. The Vancouver system is numerical each piece of work cited within the text is identified by a unique Arabic number. The Vancouver referencing style is predominantly used in the health and physical sciences. The two styles differ mainly in the way references are presented in the running text: in the Vancouver style, references are identified by Arabic numerals in the Harvard system, references are identified by the name of the author(s) and the year of publication. There are two referencing styles commonly used in scientific writing: the Vancouver referencing style and the Harvard referencing style.
